The hottest ecological material and its applicatio

Ecological material and its application in packaging (Part 1)

there is no unified definition of ecological material at present. Chinese scholars define it as "materials that can be accepted by mankind, adapt to the ecological environment, and can economically manufacture useful devices"

at present, all countries are competing to study and develop the application technology of materials with precautions for the use of impact machines in packaging. The following describes the concept of ecological materials and their research and application in packaging: packaging and its material ecological design

packaging ecological design is actually LCA plus packaging design, which integrates the theory and method of LCA into the thinking of designers, and fully considers the impact of the whole life cycle of packaging on resources, energy and ecological environment. Packaging materials require different functions according to their different uses. Therefore, several different materials are often used for compounding, and compounding of multiple materials undoubtedly brings difficulties to recycling. Therefore, it is required to consider the balance and unity of functionality and environmental adaptability in the design. The ecological design of packaging materials should consider reducing the environmental load of material life cycle gbt17104 (1) 997 metal tube ring tensile test method, mainly including the following requirements

(1) consider harmfulness. Consider the harmfulness to water, oil and solvent soluble substances; Whether the auxiliary materials used contain toxic and harmful metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium; If there is any discharge of harmful substances during material recycling, try to use non chlorine containing materials

(2) save resources. Avoid overlapping beds and excessive packaging; Considering the recycling of packaging, the materials should be long-lived, and the weight ratio of contents to packaging should be improved; Use low-density packaging materials; High performance packaging materials are used

(3) save energy. Through LCA, try to choose materials with low total energy consumption in the material life cycle

(4) material functionality. The physical and mechanical properties of plastic film, rubber, wire and cable and other materials are tested. The development and design of materials should meet the physical and chemical properties of the contents and have effective protection functions. The reduction of functionality causes the loss of merchantability of contents, which is undoubtedly the largest consumption of resources and energy of packaging and contents. It is also necessary to ensure the strength of packaging materials and the sealing performance of packaging, so as to prevent the products from "running, leaking, floating" and other phenomena during the packaging process, transportation process, storage process and use process, resulting in environmental pollution

(5) recycling of packaging material waste. Through LCA, try to use the materials that are no longer implemented by the Ministry of public security at present, the new trend of research and development of organic thermal insulation materials, and the materials with mature recycling technology. Adopt volume reduction design, transparent glass, biodegradable and compostable plastic, reusable packaging after simple treatment (such as washing), materials without secondary pollution and residues, and recycled or waste materials as packaging materials, Try to choose a single material

life cycle assessment of packaging materials LCA began with the analysis of energy consumption in the life cycle of beverage containers. Today, it has been an important tool for environmental load assessment of packaging materials. The main functions of packaging material LCA are: it is the basis for the packaging material system to improve its environmental load, the basis for reducing the environmental load in ecological design, and the basis for obtaining the environmental labels of packaging materials, so as to improve the competitiveness of domestic and foreign markets

(1) energy LCA comparison of beverage bottles (cans): Based on the energy consumption of beverages per liter, aluminum cans are the containers that consume the most energy. Paper containers have low energy consumption, but they are not heat-resistant and pressure resistant, and cannot be heated for sterilization. Canned beverages can be sterilized with hydrogen peroxide and operated aseptically. The total energy consumption per unit of glass bottle is similar to that of polyester bottle. From the analysis of energy structure in each stage of the life cycle, the main consumption of aluminum, iron, polyester, etc. is material energy consumption (89%, 74%, 58%), and the main energy consumption of glass bottles is transportation (33%) and other energy consumption (bottle caps, labels, etc., accounting for 27%)

(2) LCA functional research of packaging materials packaging materials not only require appearance design to attract consumers and promote sales, but also require economy and practicality. Such functions as easy to carry, maintaining the quality of internal goods, long-term storage, and communicating information to consumers

(3) LCA research on paper and plastic food tableware "white pollution" caused by foamed plastic tableware is limited, and "paper instead of plastic" is mostly used at home and abroad. Paper is composed of plant fibers. It is non-toxic, tasteless and does not pollute food. It can be degraded in a short time after being discarded. Comparing its advantages and disadvantages, LCA research continues, and the debate is also ongoing. Foamed plastic tableware consumes only 1/5 of the raw materials of paper tableware, and the other 4/5 is air, which is cheap. Paper tableware consumes a lot of wood, and its energy consumption and environmental load are higher than those of foam plastic tableware. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a substitute that is hygienic, water-resistant, oil-resistant, mild and low-cost, and does not cause new environmental pollution through LCA comparison